Angirasa the early Vedic sage

 

Sage Angiras was one of the earliest Vedic sage and the manasputra of Lord Brahma. He was regarded as the originator of Angi the fire god and also who has a day-to-day empirical view of Para-Brahma. He is called, besides, the priest of the Gods, the Lord of the sacrifice & agni. Sometimes he is considered as a son of Uru by Āgneyī, the daughter of Agni. Uru probably meant Ur the huge Chalcolithic city part of Sumeria that had vast trade networks including India. There were local trading posts in India on Indus and in Gujarat that recruiting locals in India well versed with fire and food and ayurvedic medicine and astronomy etc.. Sage Angirasa probably from that era and looking at the other nearby Indus periphery cities of Shahr-e-Sokhte and Gonur we can find Indian H-M82 samples along with J2a and J1 in a highly mixed forms. This group might have been the one managing the original trading posts and the foreign merchants who were wealthy and many times sources of income. In later Vedic literature the traders are called Panis viewed as a competition but the earlier hymns in Rig Veda they were called as Asuras and were revered. Even the Gods Varuna and Indra were some times revered as beneficial Asuras. We have archealogical evdences of fire pits in Saraswati river basin even earlier and in Mehrgarh towards Iran. 

In Hymn XVII from the Rigveda Book, of Griffith, we see people praying for Varuna and Indra for blessings and work

 14 With bending down, oblations, sacrifices, O Varuna, we deprecate thine anger:

Wise Asura, thou King of wide dominion, loosen the bonds of sins by us committed.

Hymn 151
15 Loosen the bonds, O Varuna, that hold me, loosen the bonds above, between, and under.
So in thy holy law may we made sinless belong to Aditi, O thou Aditya.

3 The folk have glorified your birth from Earth and Heaven, to be extolled, ye Strong Ones, for your mighty power.
Ye, when ye bring to singer and the rite, enjoy the sacrifice periormed with holy praise and strength.
4 The people prospers, Asuras! whom ye dearly love: ye, Righteous Ones, proclaim aloud the Holy Law.
That efficacious power that comes from lofty heaven, ye bind unto the work, as to the pole an ox.
5 On this great earth ye send your treasure down with might: unstained by dust, the crowding kine are in the stalls.
Here in the neighbourhood they cry unto the Sun at morning and at evening, like swift birds of prey.

The Matsya Purāṇa says that Aṅgiras was one of the three sages produced from the sacrifice of Varuṇa and that he was adopted by Agni as his son and acted for some time as his regent. He was intimately connected with sacrifices to Agni and practical sciences such as Ayurveda, Astrology and who mastered Agni or the fire for day-to-day purposes. These skills were very useful during the Chalcolithic and Early Bronze age when the traders look for stable posts nearby to carryout seasonal trade. Angiras was probably such early sage character from the early Saraswati Sindhu Culture who excelled in maintaining these early traders and leading the settlement. We have evidence of priests from IVC through archeological records.

We have historical evidence of a huge number of sacrificial fire pits in the Indian valley Civilization. Sage Angiras was probably the personification of elders of the previous Saraswati Sindhu Civilization who have mastered fire and can make sacrifices to appease God's and Kings and Important people etc... Angiras is claimed by both Brahmin and Kshatriya castes since we have descendants. Atarvana veda has numerous hymns for Agni and how we can appease Lord Indra to serve the purposes of the society. Also it has hymns to revoke characters who have money but are not beneficial for the society. There are numerous invocations for River Sarasvati to benefit the society and to provide a purpose for the sages doing sacrifices for the progress of the society. These concepts have carried on the great Sarasvati Sindhu traditions later into every day Hindu lives.

In AV VII 115

1. Fly forth from here, O evil sign (lakṣmī́) pāparūpiṇy alakṣmi;; disappear from here; fly forth from yonder; with a hook of metal (ayasmáya) we attach thee to him that hates [us].
2. The unenjoyable flying sign that hath mounted me, as a creeper a tree—that, O Savitar, mayest thou put hence elsewhere than on us, being golden-handed, granting good to us.

 3. A hundred and one [are] the signs of a mortal, born from his birth together with his body; the worst of these we send forth out from here; to us, O Jātavedas, confirm propitious ones.

4. These same have I separated, like kine scattered on a barren (khilá); let the good (púṇya) signs stay; those that are evil have I made disappear.

Angiras Rishi is a luminary in the realm of Vedic hymns. His contribution to the Rigveda shines brightly, with hymns attributed to him and his student family, the Angirasas, spanning multiple Mandalas – specifically the first, second, fifth, eighth, ninth, and tenth  books. Several Angirasa sub-clans, such as the Śunahotras, the Gautamas, and the Bhāradvājas, also made significant contributions, composing Mandalas II, IV, and VI respectively . The very fact that sage Angiras mastered the fire and considered the master of Para-Brahma and who can reject rich trading people for the purpose of the society shows he was probably from the previous EBA era of the Mesopotamian trade. Where he was initially born as mind born son of Trading God Varuna for his deeds with Agni/fire and his mastery of Ayurveda and practical Astronomy and herbs etc.. his influence on the later Sages and attraction of the incoming MLBA steppe people in 1450 BC was his greatest achievement. He is considered the father of Sage Bharadwaja but it was probably a mind born son from the later Iranian groups who settled among Kshatriyas and fighting Brahmins. Many newer castes like Vaidyas have started from earliest traditions of the Angiras.

Mahabharata describing Angiras

Mbh.3.83.4357 It was here that Angiras, that ocean of ascetic austerities belonging to the Saraswata race, was born, Bathing in that tirtha, one obtaineth the merit of the horse-sacrifice, and without doubt, gaineth also residence in the legion of Saraswati

2 main streams of population merge in South India

 Using QPADM models on Kamma samples show there are primarily 2 main streams in the South. All other Haplogroups are one group mainly led by H1 admixture and there is another stream of R2a people who form a different admixture. I have did a QPADM model using Parkai as the main admixture component for my sample using other haplogroups in the ITU dataset and mostly all other haplogroups including diverse ones like R1a, O2, N1b, Q, K2, C5, J2b2, J2a etc work but most of the R2a samples are failing

Passing models using ITU

Failing models using R2a in ITU

Components of admixture

As shown in the map above, all the clades in the south can be split into H dominated mix with O, L, R1a, C, N, Q, j2b2 etc.. where the R2a is the other group. And further north there is North Indian component which is probably R1a primary mixed with R2 and J in some places

QPADM model cline for 2 kits

 When ran using QPADM model the following model produced good cline over a range of local kits

Cline 1

The model shows Italy_Tarquinia_Monterozzi_IA_oLevant Vs ASI having a clear opposite complementary trend. Jarawa samples show high Italy_Tarquinia_Monterozzi at 57% and South Brahmin-2 shows lowest at 18.32%.

Cline 2

This model shows Parkhai_o LBA and Parkhai_C used with UstIDA showing good fits with local samples for Kamma kit seq using WGS Dante. Only AP Yadav and AP kapu doesn't like Bacho Kiro but all others required some amount of Bacho Kiro. High AASI kits took the Pakhai_o LBA which is  Sarazm & Armenia &WHG heavy sample and others preferred Parkhai_C which is Tepe Hissar & Ganj_derah & Sarazm heavy

Surprisingly the Yadav and Brahmin kits preferred lowest Parkhai and highest % suggesting my kit is closer to these 2 kits but has additional Russia_UstIDA and Parkhai_C.

Adding TTK to the above model actually improves as shown below

This model works for UP Brahmins, Rajputs, South Brahmin, Vellalar, Kapu, Yadav and Punjabis

The base model suggested by sapphire also mentioned Parkhai based model as follows which shows additional 10% Steppe vs Jarawa sample

also when aDNA guy called ashish published blog at https://a-genetics.blogspot.com/2022/12/steppe-source-in-indians.html ran the qpadm models he found Telugu Brahmins had 10-20% Sarazm like input vs Irulars. 

I am getting similar but more Tepe Hissar and Ganj Derah than that signal and some mixed WHG & Armenian

QPADM models for 2 kits

 QPADM models on my Dante WGS by saphhire

Illustrative DNA models

model 1

Model 2

Model 3

Model 4

Model 5

Another model

Daughter

Passing Models

Change of paternal ydna in Iran over ages

 from https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-025-99743-w

Ancient DNA indicates 3,000 years of genetic continuity in the Northern Iranian Plateau, from the Copper Age to the Sassanid Empire

Summary of the uniparental data. (A) Distribution of the ancient Iranian mtDNA haplogroups; asterisks denote the samples analysed in this study. (B) PCA plot based on mtDNA haplogroup frequencies in modern Iranian and selected ancient Iranian groups. Using the frequencies of 36 haplogroups in modern and ancient Iranian populations, the first two principal components (PCs) capture 22.1% of the total variance (see Supplementary Table S6 for details). To maintain consistency and prevent sampling bias, we selected only those ancient groups that had more than 10 individuals or could be merged geographically and temporally, such as our historical samples. (C) Distribution of the ancient Iranian Y-chromosomal haplogroups (details in Supplementary Table S7).

Shows Presence of H ydna in Chalcolithic and Bronze Age, which disappeared in Iron Age. Today only less than 1% is H in some areas of Iran.

Presence of R2 was big during Neolithic (probably due to some Neolithic areas overrepresented in the aDNA samples ) which lost steam during Chalcolithic and completely gone by the time of Bronze Age. Today R2 is mostly limited to Indian subcontinent. 

Presence of L1 happened during Chalcolithic and Bronze age and extended into IA but lost completely during the IA, Now L1 is also mostly restricted to Indian Subcontinent.

The historical matches during Medieval shows mostly J1 and J2 samples dominate in Iran which caused earlier groups of people of R2 and L1 mostly moved out to Indian subcontinent