ITU Data set has major H1 & R1a haplogroup followed by R2. ITU probably has mostly Upper castes like Brahmin, Kamma, Velama, Reddy from UK

	total	C	H1	J	L	N	Q	R1a	R2	ref
Indian Telugus (UK) HARAPPA CALCULATOR results	60	1.67	26.67	6.67	1.67	1.67	1.67	26.67	20	Poznik201

Sample Ydna Terminal SNP Mtdna S.Indian Baloch Caucasian NE Euro SW Asian SE Asian NE Asian rs16891982 rs1426654 rs4988235(LCT)

HG03713 R1a-L657 RY906 Y883 M6a1b 46.66 34.18 6.9 7.08 0.6 0.32 1.78 C|C A|A G|G

HG03714 R30c 46.2 33.76 6.81 7.98 0.86 2.76 G|C A|A G|A

HG03716 H1a-M82 Z34693 M30 45.51 37.08 7.96 4.79 1.13 C|C G|A G|G

HG03717 M3a2 60.57 36.44 1.6 1.03 C|G G|G G|G

HG03718 R2a-L295 Y36376 M65b 61.29 32.32 1.73 1.78 0.61 C|C G|A G|G

HG03720 R1a-L657 Y34284 M4a 71.93 27.97 C|C G|G G|G

HG03722 M6a1a 62.87 33.46 3.66 C|C A|G G|G

HG03727 R2a-M124 Y28642 I1 52.82 35.83 4.85 1.66 2.89 0.06 C|C A|A G|G

HG03729 R2a-L295 Y2174 R5a2 65.9 34.07 C|C G|A G|G

HG03730 M18 65.45 26.13 0.8 0.16 2.23 0.93 C|C G|A G|G

HG03731 M35a1 53.77 36.31 5.29 0.37 2.11 C|C A|A G|G

HG03742 K2 Y28301 U2a1b 57.19 32.8 2.74 0.41 0.27 2.47 1.48 C|C A|G G|G

HG03770 R5a2b 57.96 27.71 0.99 0.63 0.08 2.92 1.45 C|C G|G A|G

HG03771 R2a-L295 Y1290 M40a1 58.1 31.01 0.69 0.64 1.1 4.15 1.92 C|C A|A G|G

HG03772 M3a2 63.41 33.44 0.54 0.48 1.83 C|C G|A G|G

HG03773 R2a-L295 Y1349 M3a2 61.58 34.99 2.21 C|C A|A G|G

HG03774 M6a1b 55.51 35.68 4.8 2.01 1.46 C|C A|G G|G

HG03775 R1a-L657 RY906 Y34258 M52a1a 54.8 37.02 2.69 0.19 1.53 1.75 0.87 C|C A|A G|G

HG03777 H1a-M82 Z5883 U9a1 54.16 35.57 5.41 0.99 0.53 C|C A|A G|G

HG03778 H1a-M82 Z5885 W3a1 56.9 32.76 2.97 0.4 1.58 1.24 C|C A|A G|G

HG03779 R1a-L657 Z29115 M45a 55.77 31.85 2.61 1.73 1.79 0.67 3.24 C|C G|G G|G

HG03780 U1a1c1d 64.23 35.62 C|C A|A G|G

HG03781 M3d1 69.96 30.02 C|C A|A G|G

HG03782 M30 54.36 34.92 5.11 2.36 1.48 0.24 C|C G|A G|G

HG03784 T2 60.48 33.74 0.99 0.87 2.72 0.17 C|C A|G G|G

HG03785 J2b2-Z2432 Y960 W3a1b 61.99 35.27 1.65 1.09 C|C G|A G|G

HG03786 L1a-M27 Z34391 W3a1b 62.13 34.77 0.56 0.16 0.18 1.29 C|C G|A G|G

HG03787 M39b 61.16 30.85 2.43 3.26 G|C A|A G|G

HG03788 L1a-M27 Z5929 R30c 52 33.01 5.35 3.23 1.18 0.84 1.4 C|G A|A G|G

HG03789 R6 48.58 35.27 5.19 5.2 0.74 1.94 C|C G|A G|G

HG03790 L1c-M357 BY198125 R5a1a 53.29 36.77 4.36 0.03 2 0.81 C|C A|A G|G

HG03792 H3 Z5862 M4a 53.34 36.62 4.09 1.56 2.11 0.69 C|C G|G G|G

HG03861 U2b1 61.96 34.84 0.97 C|C A|G G|G

HG03862 U1a1c1d 52.84 36.22 6.15 0.3 0.75 0.89 C|C A|A G|G

HG03863 M5a2a 53.27 36.9 6.01 0.21 2.23 C|C A|A G|G

HG03864 Q1b-L275 Y28555 R8b1 65.62 34.37 C|C A|A G|A

HG03866 R1a-L657 R-Y6/5 Y28659 M2a1 56.72 32.17 5.36 1.62 0.81 1.56 C|C A|A G|G

HG03867 C5a-P92 K96 M18a 63.48 26.98 0.36 1.31 3.7 1.33 C|C G|G G|G

HG03868 J1b 64.06 35.93 0.02 C|C A|A G|G

HG03869 R2a-L295 Y1296 M35a1 65.08 34.87 0.06 C|C A|A G|G

HG03870 H3 Z5864 M39b1 54.89 34.73 4.85 2.13 1.98 C|C A|G G|G

HG03871 R1a-L657 Y924 M30 54.09 35.5 3.16 0.1 3.14 0.62 0.88 C|C A|G A|G

HG03872 H3 Z5861 R30a1c 54.1 35.49 4.55 0.72 0.29 1.64 C|C A|A G|A

HG03873 HV14 58.06 32.11 2 1.16 1.73 1.09 C|C A|G G|G

HG03874 R30c 54.87 31.63 4.77 0.45 1.85 1.26 1.58 C|C G|A G|G

HG03875 L1a-M27 Z5936 M3c2 44.41 37.1 4.95 6.95 1.61 C|G G|A G|G

HG03882 M35a1 53.88 37.59 4.35 1.05 1.26 C|C G|A G|G

HG03960 R1a-Z2123 Y875 U2e 56.65 32.64 2.89 0.28 0.59 2.26 C|C G|A G|G

HG03963 R1a-Z2123 Y874 M39b 57.46 33.02 2.71 1.75 0.55 C|C A|G G|G

HG03965 H3 Y11258 R7 58.8 30.05 3.26 4.28 C|C A|G A|G

HG03967 R2a-L295 Y1328 M49d 51.98 36.68 5.55 1.76 2.75 C|C A|A G|G

HG03968 M3a2a 54.61 36.75 3.11 0.59 1.11 1.14 C|C G|A G|G

HG03969 J2b2-Z2432 Z2443 M5a2a 55.11 35.36 3.82 0.54 1.45 1.22 0.97 C|C G|A G|G

HG03971 L1a-M27 Z5934 M5c1 53.11 36.32 2.48 2.69 0.49 1.52 C|C A|A G|G

HG03973 R5a2 54.83 35.72 4.5 0.43 0.56 1.67 1.44 C|C A|A G|G

HG03974 R2a-L295 Y1300 M3 53.58 34.85 5.18 0.02 1.55 0.9 1.07 C|C A|A G|A

HG03976 J2b2-Z2432 Y2150 M3 68.97 30.85 C|C G|A G|G

HG03977 M6a1a 68.74 25.65 2.25 0.63 C|C G|A G|G

HG03978 R2a-L295 Y28600 M2a1 59.03 31.74 0.56 1.68 0.31 3.16 1.57 C|C A|A G|G

HG04001 M18a 57.86 31.98 3.04 0.84 1.28 2 C|C G|G G|G

HG04002 H1a-M82 Z5873 U2a1b 55.17 34.96 4.27 1.3 2.16 0.59 C|C A|G A|A

HG04014 K1a 57.66 29.28 1.09 2.07 4.1 1.01 C|C A|A G|G

HG04015 N1b-F2905 F4186 M36b 71.51 28.45 C|C A|A G|G

HG04017 R1a-L657 Y907 M3a2 60.38 34.75 0.75 1.39 0.46 C|C A|G G|G

HG04018 R30a1b1 54.87 36.13 5.23 1.2 0.96 C|C G|A G|G

HG04019 R1a-Z2123 Y875 M3 53.88 36.4 3.71 2.4 0.63 C|C A|A G|G

HG04020 R1a-Z2123 Y609 M35b1 51.42 32.69 4.97 5.08 0.48 2.42 0.98 C|C A|G G|G

HG04022 R2a-L295 V2947 M66b 57.45 33.05 2.45 0.63 1.49 1.26 1.16 C|C A|G G|G

HG04023 R1a-Z2123 Y615 T2 61.19 33.95 3.35 C|C G|A G|G

HG04025 T2 71.52 28.41 C|C A|A G|G

HG04026 W3b 64.5 32.73 0.48 0.85 C|C A|G G|G

HG04054 M3 64.31 31.34 0.6 0.56 1.46 0.66 C|C G|G G|G

HG04056 R2a-L295 Y20020 U7a3 60.11 35.05 1.42 0.02 2.02 C|C G|G G|G

HG04059 M35b 56.04 33.48 6.23 0.4 0.84 C|C A|A G|G

HG04060 H1a-M82 SK1225 M18 51.1 33.88 5.67 5.01 0.68 0.19 C|C G|A G|G

HG04061 H1a-M82 CTS8144 R30 68.3 23.13 0.86 0.48 2.46 1.55 C|C A|A G|G

HG04062 M35a1 66.14 25.3 0.38 1.37 1.96 1.14 C|C G|A G|G

HG04063 M65b 60.64 35.63 0.41 0.06 0.69 0.7 C|C A|A G|G

HG04070 M35b1 55.11 33.26 2.13 0.85 1.89 2.16 1.5 C|C A|A G|G

HG04076 M 56.32 33.06 2.91 1.12 2.04 0.89 C|C A|G G|G

HG04080 L1a-M27 M3904 M18a 63.72 36.25 C|C A|G G|G

HG04090 M30 55.63 37.39 2 0.77 1.79 0.2 C|C A|A G|G

HG04094 L1a-M27 Z5921 M5b2b 59.07 31.6 1.22 2.9 0.54 0.76 C|C A|A G|G

HG04096 R1a-Z2123 Y615 M3a2 59.35 34.77 0.97 2.26 1.42 C|C G|A G|G

HG04098 R1a-L657 Y2392 U1a1c1d 57.56 32.79 2.21 1.76 1.6 1.42 0.65 C|C A|A G|A

HG04118 U9a1 55.41 35.63 2.83 1.87 2.24 0.81 C|C A|G G|A

HG04198 H1a-M69 Z13969 M6a1a 53.41 34.94 3.81 0.93 2.89 1.56 C|C A|A G|G

HG04200 U2b2 52.64 35.03 6.1 1.79 2 G|C G|A G|G

HG04202 M33a 58.68 33.48 2.4 0.62 0.84 0.88 C|C A|A G|G

HG04206 H1a-M82 CTS8144 M6b 54.01 35.62 5.24 0.8 1.34 0.59 1.24 C|C A|A G|G

HG04209 M39 56.65 33.03 4.44 0.82 0.97 C|C A|G G|G

HG04211 H1a-M82 Z5875 M2a1a 54.57 37.88 2.07 2.84 0.31 C|C G|G G|G

HG04212 U2b2 52.18 37.33 5.91 0.45 1.68 C|C A|A G|G

HG04214 U2b 52.01 37.11 6.72 0.61 1.52 0.74 C|C G|G G|G

HG04216 M35 54.41 31.4 1.83 3.81 1.37 2.98 1.39 C|C A|A G|G

HG04219 M6a1 66.6 33.38 C|C G|A G|A

HG04222 R1a-L657 Y26645 U2b2 58.23 33.5 1.6 0.42 0.65 G|G G|G G|G

HG04225 R2a-L295 Y2174 HV14 53.15 37.57 1.85 2.23 0.96 0.76 1.86 C|C A|A G|G

HG04235 H1a-M82 Z5878 M66b 54.29 34.07 5.11 1.21 1.86 C|C G|A G|G

HG04238 H3 Z5861 N1a2 70.18 29.79 G|C A|A G|G

HG04239 J2b2-Z2432 Y960 W6 59.37 32.12 2.07 0.98 1.93 0.41 C|C A|G G|G

nmonte analysis

Target: Telugu_GBR:HG04239.SG

Distance: 3.5938% / 0.03593771

96.8 IRN_Shahr_I_Sokhta_BA3

3.2 NPL_Chokhopani_2700BP

Target: Telugu_GBR:HG04238.SG

Distance: 3.9841% / 0.03984086

93.0 IRN_Shahr_I_Sokhta_BA3

3.8 NPL_Chokhopani_2700BP

3.2 RUS_Srubnaya_Alakul_MLBA

Target: Telugu_GBR:HG04235.SG

Distance: 2.8269% / 0.02826930

88.4 IRN_Shahr_I_Sokhta_BA3

7.6 RUS_Srubnaya_Alakul_MLBA

4.0 NPL_Chokhopani_2700BP

Target: Telugu_GBR:HG04225.SG

Distance: 2.6576% / 0.02657631

90.8 IRN_Shahr_I_Sokhta_BA3

7.0 RUS_Srubnaya_Alakul_MLBA

1.6 NPL_Chokhopani_2700BP

0.6 UZB_Bustan_BA

Target: Telugu_GBR:HG04222.SG

Distance: 3.1817% / 0.03181654

96.0 IRN_Shahr_I_Sokhta_BA3

3.2 NPL_Chokhopani_2700BP

0.8 RUS_Srubnaya_Alakul_MLBA

Target: Telugu_GBR:HG04219.SG

Distance: 2.8863% / 0.02886255

92.8 IRN_Shahr_I_Sokhta_BA3

5.6 RUS_Srubnaya_Alakul_MLBA

1.6 NPL_Chokhopani_2700BP

Target: Telugu_GBR:HG04216.SG

Distance: 3.8163% / 0.03816292

87.2 IRN_Shahr_I_Sokhta_BA3

7.8 RUS_Srubnaya_Alakul_MLBA

5.0 NPL_Chokhopani_2700BP

Target: Telugu_GBR:HG04214.SG

Distance: 3.1821% / 0.03182090

82.8 IRN_Shahr_I_Sokhta_BA3

14.6 UZB_Bustan_BA

1.8 NPL_Chokhopani_2700BP

0.8 RUS_Srubnaya_Alakul_MLBA

Target: Telugu_GBR:HG04212.SG

Distance: 2.8793% / 0.02879291

88.6 IRN_Shahr_I_Sokhta_BA3

9.6 UZB_Bustan_BA

1.8 NPL_Chokhopani_2700BP

Target: Telugu_GBR:HG04211.SG

Distance: 3.1464% / 0.03146393

90.2 IRN_Shahr_I_Sokhta_BA3

7.2 UZB_Bustan_BA

2.6 RUS_Srubnaya_Alakul_MLBA

Target: Telugu_GBR:HG04209.SG

Distance: 3.8512% / 0.03851168

92.8 IRN_Shahr_I_Sokhta_BA3

4.4 RUS_Srubnaya_Alakul_MLBA

2.6 NPL_Chokhopani_2700BP

0.2 UZB_Bustan_BA

Target: Telugu_GBR:HG04206.SG

Distance: 4.2295% / 0.04229456

91.0 IRN_Shahr_I_Sokhta_BA3

6.6 RUS_Srubnaya_Alakul_MLBA

1.6 NPL_Chokhopani_2700BP

0.8 UZB_Bustan_BA

Target: Telugu_GBR:HG04202.SG

Distance: 3.0109% / 0.03010860

93.8 IRN_Shahr_I_Sokhta_BA3

3.6 RUS_Srubnaya_Alakul_MLBA

2.6 NPL_Chokhopani_2700BP

Target: Telugu_GBR:HG04200.SG

Distance: 3.5343% / 0.03534316

86.0 IRN_Shahr_I_Sokhta_BA3

8.6 RUS_Srubnaya_Alakul_MLBA

4.0 UZB_Bustan_BA

1.4 NPL_Chokhopani_2700BP

Target: Telugu_GBR:HG04198.SG

Distance: 2.9452% / 0.02945158

90.4 IRN_Shahr_I_Sokhta_BA3

6.2 RUS_Srubnaya_Alakul_MLBA

2.6 UZB_Bustan_BA

0.8 NPL_Chokhopani_2700BP

Target: Telugu_GBR:HG04118.SG

Distance: 2.8099% / 0.02809885

95.8 IRN_Shahr_I_Sokhta_BA3

2.8 UZB_Bustan_BA

1.4 NPL_Chokhopani_2700BP

Target: Telugu_GBR:HG04098.SG

Distance: 3.9555% / 0.03955542

93.8 IRN_Shahr_I_Sokhta_BA3

3.8 RUS_Srubnaya_Alakul_MLBA

2.4 NPL_Chokhopani_2700BP

Target: Telugu_GBR:HG04096.SG

Distance: 3.6207% / 0.03620697

96.2 IRN_Shahr_I_Sokhta_BA3

3.8 NPL_Chokhopani_2700BP

Target: Telugu_GBR:HG04094.SG

Distance: 3.6963% / 0.03696266

92.8 IRN_Shahr_I_Sokhta_BA3

3.8 NPL_Chokhopani_2700BP

3.4 RUS_Srubnaya_Alakul_MLBA

Target: Telugu_GBR:HG04093.SG

Distance: 2.7110% / 0.02711025

90.4 IRN_Shahr_I_Sokhta_BA3

6.2 UZB_Bustan_BA

2.4 NPL_Chokhopani_2700BP

1.0 RUS_Srubnaya_Alakul_MLBA

Target: Telugu_GBR:HG04090.SG

Distance: 2.8015% / 0.02801546

91.2 IRN_Shahr_I_Sokhta_BA3

4.0 UZB_Bustan_BA

2.4 NPL_Chokhopani_2700BP

2.4 RUS_Srubnaya_Alakul_MLBA

Target: Telugu_GBR:HG04080.SG

Distance: 2.2676% / 0.02267632

82.8 IRN_Shahr_I_Sokhta_BA3

12.6 RUS_Srubnaya_Alakul_MLBA

2.8 UZB_Bustan_BA

1.8 NPL_Chokhopani_2700BP

Target: Telugu_GBR:HG04076.SG

Distance: 3.0885% / 0.03088519

90.0 IRN_Shahr_I_Sokhta_BA3

5.6 NPL_Chokhopani_2700BP

4.4 RUS_Srubnaya_Alakul_MLBA

Target: Telugu_GBR:HG04070.SG

Distance: 3.6691% / 0.03669056

89.2 IRN_Shahr_I_Sokhta_BA3

5.8 RUS_Srubnaya_Alakul_MLBA

4.2 NPL_Chokhopani_2700BP

0.8 UZB_Bustan_BA

Target: Telugu_GBR:HG04063.SG

Distance: 3.6510% / 0.03650955

98.6 IRN_Shahr_I_Sokhta_BA3

1.4 NPL_Chokhopani_2700BP

Target: Telugu_GBR:HG04062.SG

Distance: 6.2205% / 0.06220450

92.4 IRN_Shahr_I_Sokhta_BA3

7.6 NPL_Chokhopani_2700BP

Target: Telugu_GBR:HG04061.SG

Distance: 7.5425% / 0.07542459

94.0 IRN_Shahr_I_Sokhta_BA3

6.0 NPL_Chokhopani_2700BP

Target: Telugu_GBR:HG04060.SG

Distance: 2.6236% / 0.02623626

85.4 IRN_Shahr_I_Sokhta_BA3

10.8 RUS_Srubnaya_Alakul_MLBA

3.6 UZB_Bustan_BA

0.2 NPL_Chokhopani_2700BP

Target: Telugu_GBR:HG04059.SG

Distance: 3.7562% / 0.03756232

95.0 IRN_Shahr_I_Sokhta_BA3

4.0 RUS_Srubnaya_Alakul_MLBA

1.0 NPL_Chokhopani_2700BP

Target: Telugu_GBR:HG04056.SG

Distance: 3.7621% / 0.03762143

99.0 IRN_Shahr_I_Sokhta_BA3

1.0 NPL_Chokhopani_2700BP

Target: Telugu_GBR:HG04054.SG

Distance: 4.4839% / 0.04483862

97.2 IRN_Shahr_I_Sokhta_BA3

2.8 NPL_Chokhopani_2700BP

Target: Telugu_GBR:HG04026.SG

Distance: 4.2618% / 0.04261784

99.0 IRN_Shahr_I_Sokhta_BA3

1.0 NPL_Chokhopani_2700BP

Target: Telugu_GBR:HG04025.SG

Distance: 3.4642% / 0.03464203

98.6 IRN_Shahr_I_Sokhta_BA3

1.4 NPL_Chokhopani_2700BP

Target: Telugu_GBR:HG04023.SG

Distance: 4.0261% / 0.04026098

96.8 IRN_Shahr_I_Sokhta_BA3

3.2 NPL_Chokhopani_2700BP

Target: Telugu_GBR:HG04022.SG

Distance: 3.8676% / 0.03867617

94.8 IRN_Shahr_I_Sokhta_BA3

3.4 RUS_Srubnaya_Alakul_MLBA

1.8 NPL_Chokhopani_2700BP

Target: Telugu_GBR:HG04020.SG

Distance: 2.7784% / 0.02778374

83.8 IRN_Shahr_I_Sokhta_BA3

11.6 RUS_Srubnaya_Alakul_MLBA

4.0 NPL_Chokhopani_2700BP

0.6 UZB_Bustan_BA

Target: Telugu_GBR:HG04019.SG

Distance: 3.0354% / 0.03035449

89.0 IRN_Shahr_I_Sokhta_BA3

4.0 RUS_Srubnaya_Alakul_MLBA

4.0 UZB_Bustan_BA

3.0 NPL_Chokhopani_2700BP

Target: Telugu_GBR:HG04018.SG

Distance: 3.5214% / 0.03521380

89.6 IRN_Shahr_I_Sokhta_BA3

7.2 UZB_Bustan_BA

2.6 RUS_Srubnaya_Alakul_MLBA

0.6 NPL_Chokhopani_2700BP

Target: Telugu_GBR:HG04017.SG

Distance: 3.2745% / 0.03274550

96.2 IRN_Shahr_I_Sokhta_BA3

3.6 NPL_Chokhopani_2700BP

0.2 RUS_Srubnaya_Alakul_MLBA

Target: Telugu_GBR:HG04015.SG

Distance: 4.0642% / 0.04064153

94.4 IRN_Shahr_I_Sokhta_BA3

4.2 NPL_Chokhopani_2700BP

1.4 RUS_Srubnaya_Alakul_MLBA

Target: Telugu_GBR:HG04014.SG

Distance: 4.4267% / 0.04426712

92.4 IRN_Shahr_I_Sokhta_BA3

7.6 NPL_Chokhopani_2700BP

Target: Telugu_GBR:HG04002.SG

Distance: 3.1810% / 0.03181014

92.0 IRN_Shahr_I_Sokhta_BA3

4.0 RUS_Srubnaya_Alakul_MLBA

2.6 NPL_Chokhopani_2700BP

1.4 UZB_Bustan_BA

Target: Telugu_GBR:HG04001.SG

Distance: 3.5037% / 0.03503742

91.2 IRN_Shahr_I_Sokhta_BA3

5.6 NPL_Chokhopani_2700BP

3.2 RUS_Srubnaya_Alakul_MLBA

Target: Telugu_GBR:HG03978.SG

Distance: 3.8946% / 0.03894551

94.8 IRN_Shahr_I_Sokhta_BA3

5.2 NPL_Chokhopani_2700BP

Target: Telugu_GBR:HG03977.SG

Distance: 6.6365% / 0.06636469

93.6 IRN_Shahr_I_Sokhta_BA3

6.4 NPL_Chokhopani_2700BP

Target: Telugu_GBR:HG03976.SG

Distance: 3.0173% / 0.03017270

90.0 IRN_Shahr_I_Sokhta_BA3

5.4 NPL_Chokhopani_2700BP

4.6 RUS_Srubnaya_Alakul_MLBA

Target: Telugu_GBR:HG03974.SG

Distance: 2.9729% / 0.02972897

91.2 IRN_Shahr_I_Sokhta_BA3

5.8 RUS_Srubnaya_Alakul_MLBA

2.2 NPL_Chokhopani_2700BP

0.8 UZB_Bustan_BA

Target: Telugu_GBR:HG03973.SG

Distance: 3.1499% / 0.03149873

88.2 IRN_Shahr_I_Sokhta_BA3

5.2 UZB_Bustan_BA

4.2 RUS_Srubnaya_Alakul_MLBA

2.4 NPL_Chokhopani_2700BP

Target: Telugu_GBR:HG03971.SG

Distance: 2.2072% / 0.02207155

91.6 IRN_Shahr_I_Sokhta_BA3

7.2 RUS_Srubnaya_Alakul_MLBA

1.2 NPL_Chokhopani_2700BP

Target: Telugu_GBR:HG03969.SG

Distance: 2.5288% / 0.02528840

90.0 IRN_Shahr_I_Sokhta_BA3

5.4 RUS_Srubnaya_Alakul_MLBA

3.0 NPL_Chokhopani_2700BP

1.6 UZB_Bustan_BA

Target: Telugu_GBR:HG03968.SG

Distance: 2.1260% / 0.02125977

91.6 IRN_Shahr_I_Sokhta_BA3

5.0 RUS_Srubnaya_Alakul_MLBA

2.0 NPL_Chokhopani_2700BP

1.4 UZB_Bustan_BA

Target: Telugu_GBR:HG03967.SG

Distance: 2.9998% / 0.02999801

86.6 IRN_Shahr_I_Sokhta_BA3

8.0 UZB_Bustan_BA

3.2 RUS_Srubnaya_Alakul_MLBA

2.2 NPL_Chokhopani_2700BP

Target: Telugu_GBR:HG03965.SG

Distance: 5.0926% / 0.05092583

93.6 IRN_Shahr_I_Sokhta_BA3

6.4 NPL_Chokhopani_2700BP

Target: Telugu_GBR:HG03963.SG

Distance: 3.2448% / 0.03244755

94.4 IRN_Shahr_I_Sokhta_BA3

4.0 NPL_Chokhopani_2700BP

1.6 RUS_Srubnaya_Alakul_MLBA

Target: Telugu_GBR:HG03960.SG

Distance: 3.1792% / 0.03179178

91.2 IRN_Shahr_I_Sokhta_BA3

4.6 NPL_Chokhopani_2700BP

4.2 RUS_Srubnaya_Alakul_MLBA

Target: Telugu_GBR:HG03882.SG

Distance: 2.7469% / 0.02746868

88.4 IRN_Shahr_I_Sokhta_BA3

9.4 UZB_Bustan_BA

1.2 NPL_Chokhopani_2700BP

1.0 RUS_Srubnaya_Alakul_MLBA

Target: Telugu_GBR:HG03875.SG

Distance: 2.3729% / 0.02372946

73.6 IRN_Shahr_I_Sokhta_BA3

18.2 RUS_Srubnaya_Alakul_MLBA

5.0 UZB_Bustan_BA

3.2 NPL_Chokhopani_2700BP

Target: Telugu_GBR:HG03874.SG

Distance: 2.9852% / 0.02985231

87.6 IRN_Shahr_I_Sokhta_BA3

6.4 RUS_Srubnaya_Alakul_MLBA

6.0 NPL_Chokhopani_2700BP

Target: Telugu_GBR:HG03873.SG

Distance: 3.4965% / 0.03496517

97.2 IRN_Shahr_I_Sokhta_BA3

2.6 NPL_Chokhopani_2700BP

0.2 UZB_Bustan_BA

Target: Telugu_GBR:HG03872.SG

Distance: 3.4771% / 0.03477104

90.6 IRN_Shahr_I_Sokhta_BA3

6.6 RUS_Srubnaya_Alakul_MLBA

2.8 NPL_Chokhopani_2700BP

Target: Telugu_GBR:HG03871.SG

Distance: 3.4306% / 0.03430612

88.0 IRN_Shahr_I_Sokhta_BA3

5.0 RUS_Srubnaya_Alakul_MLBA

4.2 UZB_Bustan_BA

2.8 NPL_Chokhopani_2700BP

Target: Telugu_GBR:HG03870.SG

Distance: 3.0473% / 0.03047251

89.2 IRN_Shahr_I_Sokhta_BA3

7.4 UZB_Bustan_BA

1.8 NPL_Chokhopani_2700BP

1.6 RUS_Srubnaya_Alakul_MLBA

Target: Telugu_GBR:HG03869.SG

Distance: 2.4861% / 0.02486082

86.4 IRN_Shahr_I_Sokhta_BA3

7.4 UZB_Bustan_BA

4.0 NPL_Chokhopani_2700BP

2.2 RUS_Srubnaya_Alakul_MLBA

Target: Telugu_GBR:HG03868.SG

Distance: 3.8102% / 0.03810206

83.8 IRN_Shahr_I_Sokhta_BA3

11.2 UZB_Bustan_BA

3.0 RUS_Srubnaya_Alakul_MLBA

2.0 NPL_Chokhopani_2700BP

Target: Telugu_GBR:HG03867.SG

Distance: 5.4265% / 0.05426468

92.4 IRN_Shahr_I_Sokhta_BA3

7.6 NPL_Chokhopani_2700BP

Target: Telugu_GBR:HG03866.SG

Distance: 3.1505% / 0.03150531

89.8 IRN_Shahr_I_Sokhta_BA3

6.8 RUS_Srubnaya_Alakul_MLBA

3.4 NPL_Chokhopani_2700BP

Target: Telugu_GBR:HG03864.SG

Distance: 2.8817% / 0.02881725

88.0 IRN_Shahr_I_Sokhta_BA3

8.0 UZB_Bustan_BA

2.2 NPL_Chokhopani_2700BP

1.8 RUS_Srubnaya_Alakul_MLBA

Target: Telugu_GBR:HG03863.SG

Distance: 2.8875% / 0.02887501

87.0 IRN_Shahr_I_Sokhta_BA3

9.8 UZB_Bustan_BA

2.6 NPL_Chokhopani_2700BP

0.6 RUS_Srubnaya_Alakul_MLBA

Target: Telugu_GBR:HG03862.SG

Distance: 2.7533% / 0.02753333

84.4 IRN_Shahr_I_Sokhta_BA3

9.8 UZB_Bustan_BA

3.0 NPL_Chokhopani_2700BP

2.8 RUS_Srubnaya_Alakul_MLBA

Target: Telugu_GBR:HG03861.SG

Distance: 3.9267% / 0.03926695

98.4 IRN_Shahr_I_Sokhta_BA3

1.6 NPL_Chokhopani_2700BP

Target: Telugu_GBR:HG03792.SG

Distance: 3.0692% / 0.03069164

86.0 IRN_Shahr_I_Sokhta_BA3

10.0 UZB_Bustan_BA

4.0 NPL_Chokhopani_2700BP

Target: Telugu_GBR:HG03790.SG

Distance: 3.9043% / 0.03904324

86.0 IRN_Shahr_I_Sokhta_BA3

6.4 UZB_Bustan_BA

5.2 RUS_Srubnaya_Alakul_MLBA

2.4 NPL_Chokhopani_2700BP

Target: Telugu_GBR:HG03789.SG

Distance: 2.3056% / 0.02305560

78.0 IRN_Shahr_I_Sokhta_BA3

12.8 RUS_Srubnaya_Alakul_MLBA

6.6 UZB_Bustan_BA

2.6 NPL_Chokhopani_2700BP

Target: Telugu_GBR:HG03788.SG

Distance: 3.1394% / 0.03139385

87.6 IRN_Shahr_I_Sokhta_BA3

9.6 RUS_Srubnaya_Alakul_MLBA

2.8 NPL_Chokhopani_2700BP

Target: Telugu_GBR:HG03787.SG

Distance: 4.0770% / 0.04076956

94.6 IRN_Shahr_I_Sokhta_BA3

5.4 NPL_Chokhopani_2700BP

Target: Telugu_GBR:HG03786.SG

Distance: 3.6575% / 0.03657459

98.6 IRN_Shahr_I_Sokhta_BA3

1.4 NPL_Chokhopani_2700BP

Target: Telugu_GBR:HG03785.SG

Distance: 3.3807% / 0.03380733

97.2 IRN_Shahr_I_Sokhta_BA3

2.8 NPL_Chokhopani_2700BP

Target: Telugu_GBR:HG03784.SG

Distance: 3.5532% / 0.03553167

97.6 IRN_Shahr_I_Sokhta_BA3

2.4 NPL_Chokhopani_2700BP

Target: Telugu_GBR:HG03782.SG

Distance: 3.4140% / 0.03414007

89.8 IRN_Shahr_I_Sokhta_BA3

5.6 RUS_Srubnaya_Alakul_MLBA

3.4 UZB_Bustan_BA

1.2 NPL_Chokhopani_2700BP

Target: Telugu_GBR:HG03781.SG

Distance: 3.4333% / 0.03433311

90.2 IRN_Shahr_I_Sokhta_BA3

5.2 RUS_Srubnaya_Alakul_MLBA

4.6 NPL_Chokhopani_2700BP

Target: Telugu_GBR:HG03780.SG

Distance: 2.7361% / 0.02736117

87.8 IRN_Shahr_I_Sokhta_BA3

7.2 UZB_Bustan_BA

3.6 RUS_Srubnaya_Alakul_MLBA

1.4 NPL_Chokhopani_2700BP

Target: Telugu_GBR:HG03779.SG

Distance: 3.2661% / 0.03266079

89.2 IRN_Shahr_I_Sokhta_BA3

6.2 RUS_Srubnaya_Alakul_MLBA

4.6 NPL_Chokhopani_2700BP

Target: Telugu_GBR:HG03778.SG

Distance: 3.2048% / 0.03204783

93.6 IRN_Shahr_I_Sokhta_BA3

4.8 NPL_Chokhopani_2700BP

1.6 RUS_Srubnaya_Alakul_MLBA

Target: Telugu_GBR:HG03777.SG

Distance: 2.7323% / 0.02732334

88.6 IRN_Shahr_I_Sokhta_BA3

5.8 UZB_Bustan_BA

2.8 NPL_Chokhopani_2700BP

2.8 RUS_Srubnaya_Alakul_MLBA

Target: Telugu_GBR:HG03775.SG

Distance: 3.2723% / 0.03272339

92.2 IRN_Shahr_I_Sokhta_BA3

4.2 RUS_Srubnaya_Alakul_MLBA

2.0 UZB_Bustan_BA

1.6 NPL_Chokhopani_2700BP

Target: Telugu_GBR:HG03774.SG

Distance: 2.9309% / 0.02930936

92.0 IRN_Shahr_I_Sokhta_BA3

4.2 UZB_Bustan_BA

2.8 RUS_Srubnaya_Alakul_MLBA

1.0 NPL_Chokhopani_2700BP

Target: Telugu_GBR:HG03773.SG

Distance: 3.6011% / 0.03601053

97.2 IRN_Shahr_I_Sokhta_BA3

2.8 NPL_Chokhopani_2700BP

Target: Telugu_GBR:HG03772.SG

Distance: 4.3589% / 0.04358881

98.2 IRN_Shahr_I_Sokhta_BA3

1.8 NPL_Chokhopani_2700BP

Target: Telugu_GBR:HG03771.SG

Distance: 4.7544% / 0.04754378

93.4 IRN_Shahr_I_Sokhta_BA3

6.6 NPL_Chokhopani_2700BP

Target: Telugu_GBR:HG03770.SG

Distance: 4.5716% / 0.04571649

87.8 IRN_Shahr_I_Sokhta_BA3

10.2 NPL_Chokhopani_2700BP

2.0 RUS_Srubnaya_Alakul_MLBA

Target: Telugu_GBR:HG03742.SG

Distance: 3.6238% / 0.03623753

92.6 IRN_Shahr_I_Sokhta_BA3

4.4 NPL_Chokhopani_2700BP

3.0 RUS_Srubnaya_Alakul_MLBA

Target: Telugu_GBR:HG03731.SG

Distance: 2.5078% / 0.02507763

89.4 IRN_Shahr_I_Sokhta_BA3

5.0 UZB_Bustan_BA

3.8 RUS_Srubnaya_Alakul_MLBA

1.8 NPL_Chokhopani_2700BP

Target: Telugu_GBR:HG03730.SG

Distance: 6.0136% / 0.06013581

93.6 IRN_Shahr_I_Sokhta_BA3

6.4 NPL_Chokhopani_2700BP

Target: Telugu_GBR:HG03729.SG

Distance: 2.7536% / 0.02753584

90.6 IRN_Shahr_I_Sokhta_BA3

5.0 UZB_Bustan_BA

3.2 RUS_Srubnaya_Alakul_MLBA

1.2 NPL_Chokhopani_2700BP

Target: Telugu_GBR:HG03727.SG

Distance: 3.3269% / 0.03326934

89.2 IRN_Shahr_I_Sokhta_BA3

6.6 RUS_Srubnaya_Alakul_MLBA

2.4 NPL_Chokhopani_2700BP

1.8 UZB_Bustan_BA

Target: Telugu_GBR:HG03722.SG

Distance: 4.4073% / 0.04407312

96.4 IRN_Shahr_I_Sokhta_BA3

3.6 NPL_Chokhopani_2700BP

Target: Telugu_GBR:HG03720.SG

Distance: 3.8861% / 0.03886050

94.2 IRN_Shahr_I_Sokhta_BA3

5.8 NPL_Chokhopani_2700BP

Target: Telugu_GBR:HG03718.SG

Distance: 3.5752% / 0.03575213

95.8 IRN_Shahr_I_Sokhta_BA3

4.2 NPL_Chokhopani_2700BP

Target: Telugu_GBR:HG03717.SG

Distance: 3.6676% / 0.03667582

98.6 IRN_Shahr_I_Sokhta_BA3

0.8 NPL_Chokhopani_2700BP

0.6 RUS_Srubnaya_Alakul_MLBA

Target: Telugu_GBR:HG03716.SG

Distance: 2.3669% / 0.02366914

72.6 IRN_Shahr_I_Sokhta_BA3

14.2 RUS_Srubnaya_Alakul_MLBA

11.8 UZB_Bustan_BA

1.4 NPL_Chokhopani_2700BP

Target: Telugu_GBR:HG03715.SG

Distance: 2.2537% / 0.02253669

81.8 IRN_Shahr_I_Sokhta_BA3

14.8 RUS_Srubnaya_Alakul_MLBA

2.4 NPL_Chokhopani_2700BP

1.0 UZB_Bustan_BA

Target: Telugu_GBR:HG03714.SG

Distance: 2.5873% / 0.02587300

73.8 IRN_Shahr_I_Sokhta_BA3

15.8 RUS_Srubnaya_Alakul_MLBA

8.0 UZB_Bustan_BA

2.4 NPL_Chokhopani_2700BP

Target: Telugu_GBR:HG03713.SG

Distance: 2.0350% / 0.02034977

75.2 IRN_Shahr_I_Sokhta_BA3

15.6 RUS_Srubnaya_Alakul_MLBA

6.6 UZB_Bustan_BA

2.6 NPL_Chokhopani_2700BP

Maharashtra Caste Haplogroup distribution

Maharashtra Caste Haplogroup distribution.

H1 is major component here ~ 33%, compared to ~ 30% in Karnataka, probably ~ 28 % in Andhra/Telangana

Population	Position*	Language	Social Status		F*(M89)	H(M69)	J(xJ2)	J2(M172)	L(M11)	O2a(M95)	O3(M122)	P*(M45)	R*(M207)	R1a1(M17)	R2(M124)	Reference
Maratha	East	Indo-European	Caste	53	0	0.39	0	0.15	0.06	0	0	0	0	0.19	0.06	Trivedi et al. 2008
Dhangar	East	Indo-European	Caste	33	0	0.38	0	0.06	0.06	0	0	0	0	0.31	0.18	Trivedi et al. 2008
Pawara	East	Indo-European	Tribe	16	0	0.75	0	0.06	0.06	0	0	0	0	0.06	0.06	Trivedi et al. 2008
Katkari	East	Indo-European	Tribe	19	0	0.63	0	0.05	0.05	0	0	0.05	0.05	0.16	0	Trivedi et al. 2008
Madia-Gond	East	Dravidian	Tribe	14	0	0.57	0	0	0.29	0	0[	0.07	0	0	0.07	Trivedi et al. 2008
Maratha	East	Indo-European	Caste	20	0.05	0.35	0	0.15	0.15	0	0	0	0	0.10	0.20	Sengupta et al. 2006
Naba-Baudh	East	Indo-European	Religious group	14	0	0.43	0	0.14	0.07	0	0	0	0	0.21	0	Sengupta et al. 2006
Korku	East	Austroasiatic	Tribe	59	0.07	0.08	0	0	0	0.81	0.02	0.02	0	0.00	0	Kumar et al. 2007
Desasth Brahmin	West	Indo-European	Caste	35	0.05	0.13	0	0.18	0.11	0	0	0	0	0.37	0.16	Trivedi et al. 2008
Chitpavana Brahmin	West	Indo-European	Caste	39	0	0.23	0	0.17	0.13	0	0	0	0	0.27	0.20	Trivedi et al. 2008
Konkan Brahmins	West	Indo-European	Caste	23	0	0.08	0	0.16	0.04	0	0	0	0	0.48	0.20	Sengupta et al. 2006
Mahadeo-Koli	West	Indo-European	Tribe	50	0.24	0.18	0.04	0.14	0.02	0	0	0	0	0.26	0.12	Present Study
Thakur	West	Indo-European	Tribe	48	0.13	0.08	0	0.27	0.06	0	0	0	0	0.29	0.04	Present Study

Karnataka Haplogroup

\

Karnataka Castes

Vokkaliga - L, H1, F, R2, G, H2, R1, J2b, D, O, C
Lingayath - H1, L, R1, R2, J2, G, Q, C
Kurumba - H1, L, F
Brahmin - R1, H1, L, Q, J2a

from http://dienekes.blogspot.com/2013/07/y-chromosomes-in-lingayat-and-vokkaliga.html

Our results revealed that the majority of the Lingayat and Vokkaliga paternal gene pools are composed of four Y-chromosomal haplogroups (H, L, F* and R2) that are frequent in the Indian subcontinent. The high level of L1-M76 chromosomes in the Vokkaligas suggests an agricultural expansion in the region, while the predominance of R1a1a1b2-Z93 and J2a-M410 lineages in the Lingayat indicates gene flow from neighboring south Indian populations and West Asia, respectively. Lingayat (0.9981) also exhibits a relatively high haplotype diversity compared to Vokkaliga (0.9901), supporting the historical record that the Lingayat originated from multiple source populations. In addition, we detected ancient lineages such as F*-M213, H*-M69 and C*-M216 that may be indicative of genetic signatures of the earliest settlers who reached India after their migration out of Africa.

In our dataset, haplogroup R-M207 lineages were the most abundant in the Lingayat population (35.64%), while the Vokkaliga males (32.35%) were predominantly characterized by the L-M20 mutation. Within haplogroup R, the R1a1a1b2-Z93 subclade is detected at a higher frequency in the Lingayat paternal gene pool (19.8%) compared to the Vokkaligas (7.84%), while sub-haplogroup R2a-M124 is observed at relatively equivalent proportions in both populations (15.84% and 13.73%, respectively). Haplogroup L-M20, on the other hand, is largely represented by sub-haplogroup L1-M76, with the exception of four Vokkaliga males that belong to the paralogous L3*-M357 branch.

The second most frequent major clade observed in the two studied groups is haplogroup H-M69, an Indian-specific lineage that is particularly frequent among Dravidian-speaking groups (Sahoo et al., 2006). Therefore, it is not surprising that this haplogroup is comparably distributed in both the Lingayat (24.75%) and Vokkaliga (23.53%) populations, with the majority of the males in each collection exhibiting the H1a-M82 mutation (18.81% and 12.75%, respectively). It is interesting to note, however, that H2-Apt chromosomes, which are reported at low frequencies in Indo-European (9.52%) and Dravidian (5.0%) tribes (Sengupta et al., 2006), are restricted to the Vokkaliga population (7.84%).

The frequency of the paraphyletic haplogroup F*-M213 in the Vokkaliga paternal gene pool (13.73%) is comparable to levels reported for the Dravidian populations (13.89%) by Sengupta et al. (2006), although the proportion of F* chromosomes is lower in the Lingayat (4.95%). A reversal of this distribution pattern is observed for haplogroup J, with the Lingayat population (11.88%) exhibiting a much higher frequency of M304 derived lineages relative to Vokkaligas (3.92%). Within the J-M304 clade, the majority of males in both groups are represented by the J2b2*-M241 branch (3.96% and 2.94% in Lingayat and Vokkaliga, respectively), whereas the J2a*-M410 paragroup is observed exclusively in the Lingayat population (3.96%). The J2a3-M68 sublineage, however, is present, albeit at low frequencies (< 2%), in both south Indian collections.

Other informative haplogroups shared between the two Dravidian populations include C-M216 and G-M201. With the exceptions of an undifferentiated C*-M216 chromosome in Vokkaliga and one G1*-M285 derived individual in Lingayat, the C5a-P92 (2.97% and 1.96% in Lingayat and Vokkaliga, respectively) and G2a*-P15 (0.99% and 0.98% in Lingayat and Vokkaliga, respectively) sub-clades are similarly represented in both populations.

Of all the haplogroups analyzed, H-M69 lineages in the Vokkaliga population yield the oldest dates using both the evolutionary (26.97 ± 5.3 kya) and genealogical (10.42 ± 2.1 kya) mutation rates, while slightly younger ages are estimated for the Lingayat collection (22.03 ± 4.2 kya and 8.51 ± 1.6 kya, respectively). The Vokkaligas also exhibit older coalescence times for haplogroup L-M20 (15.52 ± 4.6 kya and 6.00 ± 1.8 kya, respectively) relative to the Lingayat population (11.14 ± 3.1 kya and 4.30 ± 1.2 kya, respectively). These findings are consistent with higher microsatellite variances as well as greater genetic differentiation within the haplogroups H and L in the Vokkaliga collection, which harbors additional sub-clades, namely H2*-Apt and L3*-M357, respectively. The evolutionary time estimates for haplogroups F*-M213 and R2a-M124, in contrast, are considerably older in the Lingayat population (24.64 ± 6.4 kya and 22.34 ± 3.5 kya, respectively) than in the Vokkaligas (11.91 ± 4.3 kya and 14.92 ± 3.6 kya, respectively).

Another haplogroup that is associated with the spread of agriculture from the Fertile Crescent and Anatolia regions is J2-M172 (Cinnioğlu et al., 2004 and Semino et al., 2004). According to Sahoo et al. (2006), only J2 lineages, originating from West Asia rather than Central Asia, represent an external contribution to the Indian paternal gene pool. In particular, subclade J2a-M410 is believed to have entered through the northwestern corridor and subsequently diffused to the south and east (Sahoo et al., 2006 and Thangaraj et al., 2010). This haplogroup is present exclusively in the Lingayat (6.93%), except for one individual from Vokkaliga, suggesting gene flow from West Asia (Sahoo et al., 2006 and Thangaraj et al., 2010). Interestingly, four J2b2-M241 Lingayat males displayed a null allele at DYS458 and failed to produce the AMGY PCR amplicon while their X homolog (AMGX) amplified successfully. Comparison of Y-STR haplotypes of the affected males from the present study with those from the literature (Cadenas et al., 2006), demonstrated a high level of allele sharing, implying shared paternal lineages or a recent common ancestry for these groups of individuals.

This study extends the results of Pamjav et al. 2012 which found only Z93 within R1a1 in mainland Indian populations. The authors estimate 12.8ky as the age of R-Z93 in the Lingayat, but since this uses the evolutionary mutation rate it should actually be divided by a factor of 3.6 which translates into ~1,500BC. So, it seems quite likely that R-Z93 moved from Central->South Asia during the Bronze Age, both on account of its age and the fact that it is a subset of Central Asian diversity. Haplogroup R2 with a nominal age of ~22ky in the Lingayat seems more like a Neolithic lineage.

The percent of H+L+J2b is > 50% for Vokkaliga caste and for Lingayat caste similar to Kamma caste

Telugu haplogoups

Haplogroup information on Telugu People gathered from scientific journal

Y Haplo	Castes
R1a	Brahmin, Kamma, Kapu, Komati, Chenchu
R1* R1a*	Brahmin, Kamma, Lambadi
R2	Kapu, Velama, Kamma, Komati, Reddy
H1	Kamma, Brahmin, Reddy, Telaga, Kapu, Balija, Yadav
H2	Raju, Brahmin
J2b	Balija, Komati, Brahmin, Pichakuntla, Nadikuruvar, Chenchu, Valmiki, Kamma
L	Kamma, Brahmin, Komati, Raju, Reddy, Chenchu, Yerukula
T	Raju, Mala, Yerukula
F	Brahmin, Raju, Mala, Kapu, Koya, Komati, Kamma
G	Brahmin, Kamma
Q	Kamma, Brahmin
O2	Kamma, Telaga, Brahmin
O3	Kapu, Raju
C	Brahmin, Lambadi, Chenchu, Kamma
D	Reddy, Brahmin, Kapu, Komati

High O2* among tribal populations of East and South East India

Porja population is mainly distributed near the hill slopes of Munchingputtu, Anantagiri, and Peddabayalu regions of Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh (AP), India. They migrated from Odisha to the present habitat about 300 years back. Savara population can be seen in Lakaiguda, Mettiguda, Chintalaguda, and Manduguda regions of Srikakulam, AP, India. Savara language is included in the Kol Munda group of Austro-Asiatic language family.

 Y chromosome haplogroup O-M175 is present in 84.79% of the studied population and is significantly important, as it is the most ubiquitous Y lineage in mainland India, China, Malaysia, Indonesia, and Vietnam (Southeast Asian populations)

Haplogroup O

Haplogroup O identified by M175 (5-bp deletion) was found with highest frequency of 84.79%. It possibly originated in East Asia (Karafet et al. 2008) and then migrated to South Asia Pacific. Paternal signature of haplogroup O can be traced at moderate or low frequencies in some parts of Central Asia and Oceania (Cai et al. 2011; Karafet et al. 2001; Underhill et al. 2001 and Deng et al. 2004). Haplogroup O is further divided into three sub-clades which are defined by the presence of O1-MSY 2.2, O2-P31, and O3-M122. Although the most frequent sub-clade observed in the present study was O2a*, it occurs with a frequency of 42.86% in Porja and 41.94% in Savara. O2a lineages are found in Southeast Asian populations of Malaysia, Vietnam, Indonesia, and Southern China (Sengupta et al. 2006).

Haplogroup R

Haplogroup R is characterized by M207 and is further segregated into two sub-clades R1, which is identified by M173 A>C allele, and R2, identified by M124 C>T allele. This haplogroup R1-M173 is estimated to have arisen during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and is likely to be found in Southwestern Asia (Zhao et al. 2009), which is believed to have arisen 27,000 years ago in Asia. In the present study, haplogroup R2 lineage is present in 3.23% and 3.69% of Porja and Savara population respectively.

Haplogroup H

Haplogroup H is identified by M69 T>C allele. It is further divided into two sub-clades H1 which is identified by M52 A>C allele and H2 which is identified by APT G>A allele. Because of the high frequency of the H haplogroup in Indian tribal groups, it is often regarded as the original Indian haplogroup belonging to be the ancient settlers. We found the presence of H1* and H1a* in the present studied samples in low frequencies, about 4.61% and 3.69% respectively. Haplogroup H has also been reported from Central Asia, Western Asia, and Europe (Wells et al. 2001; Regueiro et al. 2006). 

Figure 3 presents the MDS plot based on Y (SNPs) haplogroup frequencies showing that Birja (AA), Juang (AA), Santhal (AA), and Ho (AA) tribes are more closely related to the present studied population groups, viz., Porja and Savara, showing closer genetic affinity between them. Among the two language groups, Austro-Asiatic and Dravidian, all the AA populations show critically closer genetic affinities with Porja and Savara. Yerukula and Chenchu as well as Naikpodgond form different clusters in the multi-dimensional scaling (MDS) (Fig. 1), which is probably due to the absence of O2a haplogroups (Table 1) which is specific to AA linguistic groups.